Generation and Optimization of Pocket Milling Tool Paths - A Review

Abstract

The use of Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC) machines in manufacturing industry has led to the development and wide application of Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM)softwares. These software have the capability to generate important machining procedures and parameters, which include tool paths. Pocket milling, which involves the removal of all material inside a closed boundary makes use of CAM generated tool paths to remove material to a fixed depth. The efficiency of these CAM generated tool paths in carrying out various pocket milling operations has become an important subject of research, since more than 80% of all mechanical parts which are manufactured by milling machines can be cut by NC pocket milling. Conventional tool paths were generated using CAM softwares to
satisfy geometric requirement, and have been succesful in achieving desired shapes of parts. However, physical conditions such as cutting forces and vibrations are not put into into consideration. In addition, the reliance on operator’s intuition and experience to select from various CAM generated tool paths compromises limits achievement of technological aims such as good surface finish, minimal cutting forces, high Material Removal Rate and minimal machining time. In this paper, a review on the work done in generating efficient tool paths, optimizing already existing tool paths strategies and optimizing the selection of tool paths during machining is presented. The impact of tool path on pocket milling process is drawn from the reviewed work.